Estradiol Explained: The Truth About Oral Estrogen, Estrone, Testosterone & Informed Consent

About this episode

In this episode, Dr. Brendan McCarthy breaks down one of the most misunderstood topics in hormone replacement therapy: estradiol. Not all estrogen is the same—and how estradiol is delivered can dramatically affect hormone balance, inflammation, clotting risk, testosterone levels, and overall health outcomes. Dr. McCarthy discusses: • Why route of administration matters (oral, patch, injectable, topical, vaginal, pellet) • How oral estradiol converts to estrone • The differences between estradiol (E2), estrone (E1), and estriol (E3) • Estrone's relationship to inflammation and metabolic health • Oral estrogen and clotting risk • Oral estrogen's effect on SHBG and free testosterone • The impact of oral estrogen on IGF-1 and growth hormone signaling • Why informed consent should be central to hormone therapy • Benefits and limitations of pellets, patches, creams, and injections • Estriol and emerging research in autoimmune conditions such as multiple sclerosis At Protea Medical Center, our philosophy is simple: patients deserve complete information so they can make empowered decisions about their health. 📍 Protea Medical Center Tempe, Arizona 👍 If you found this episode helpful, please like, subscribe, and share it with someone who may benefit.